diff --git a/add_wa_prep.py b/add_wa_prep.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94cc944
--- /dev/null
+++ b/add_wa_prep.py
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+import json, sys
+sys.path.insert(0, "/Users/drjones/pest-nocturne")
+from wa_exam_data import WAEXAM
+
+p = "/Users/drjones/pest-nocturne/index.html"
+s = open(p).read()
+
+# 1. Add WA Prep tab to VIEWS
+old_views = 'const VIEWS=[["home","Suite"],["field","Field Guide"],["keys","Keys"],["house","22 Points"],["cards","Flashcards"],["exam","Exam"],["gloss","Glossary"],["wa","WA Cert"]];'
+new_views = 'const VIEWS=[["home","Suite"],["field","Field Guide"],["keys","Keys"],["house","22 Points"],["cards","Flashcards"],["exam","Exam"],["gloss","Glossary"],["wa","WA Cert"],["waprep","WA Prep"]];'
+assert old_views in s, "VIEWS not found"
+s = s.replace(old_views, new_views)
+
+# 2. Add section
+old_sec = '<section class="view" id="v-wa"></section>'
+new_sec = old_sec + '\n  <section class="view" id="v-waprep"></section>'
+assert old_sec in s, "v-wa section not found"
+s = s.replace(old_sec, new_sec)
+
+# 3. Build the WA Prep view + quiz (self-contained)
+wa_data_json = json.dumps(WAEXAM)  # [{cat,q,a:[...],c,x},...]
+
+RENDER = r'''
+<script>
+/* ==== WA PREP — original practice question bank ==== */
+const WAEXAM = __WADATA__;
+
+(function(){
+  let curCat = 'All', qi = 0, score = 0, answered = 0, qlist = [];
+  const CATS = ['All','Core','Structural','Ornamental & Turf','Agricultural'];
+
+  function buildList(){
+    qlist = curCat === 'All' ? WAEXAM.slice() : WAEXAM.filter(q => q.cat === curCat);
+    // shuffle deterministically-ish
+    qlist = qlist.map((q,i)=>({...q, _r: Math.random()})).sort((a,b)=>a._r-b._r);
+    qi = 0; score = 0; answered = 0;
+  }
+
+  function render(){
+    const root = document.getElementById('v-waprep');
+    const cats = CATS.map(c=>`<button class="wac${c===curCat?' on':''}" data-wacat="${c}">${c}</button>`).join('');
+    const total = qlist.length;
+    const q = qlist[qi];
+    let body = '';
+    if (total === 0) {
+      body = `<p class="lede">No questions in this category yet.</p>`;
+    } else {
+      const done = answered >= total;
+      body = `
+        <div class="wa-prog"><span>${Math.min(answered+1, total)} / ${total}</span><span class="wa-score">Score ${score}/${answered||1}</span></div>
+        <div class="wa-q">${q.q}</div>
+        <div class="wa-opts">${q.a.map((opt, i)=>`<button class="wa-opt" data-i="${i}">${String.fromCharCode(65+i)}. ${opt}</button>`).join('')}</div>
+        <div class="wa-expl" id="wa-expl" style="display:none"></div>
+        <div class="wa-nav" style="display:none">
+          <button class="btn" id="wa-next">${qi+1 < total ? 'Next →' : 'Restart'}</button>
+        </div>`;
+    }
+    root.innerHTML = `
+      <section class="hero" style="padding-top:26px">
+        <div class="eyebrow">Original question bank · not scraped, written for you</div>
+        <h1><span class="lo">Pass the license</span>WA<br><em>Exam Prep</em></h1>
+        <p class="lede">${WAEXAM.length} original Washington pesticide-applicator questions across Core, Structural, Ornamental &amp; Turf, and Agricultural. Answer, read why, and track your score.</p>
+        <div class="wa-cats">${cats}</div>
+      </section>
+      <section class="section" style="padding-top:10px">
+        <div class="wa-card">${body}</div>
+      </section>`;
+
+    // wire
+    root.querySelectorAll('[data-wacat]').forEach(b=>b.addEventListener('click', ()=>{ curCat = b.dataset.wacat; buildList(); render(); }));
+    root.querySelectorAll('.wa-opt').forEach(b=>b.addEventListener('click', ()=>{
+      const i = +b.dataset.i;
+      const correct = i === q.c;
+      if (correct) score++;
+      answered++;
+      root.querySelectorAll('.wa-opt').forEach(o=>{
+        o.disabled = true;
+        if (+o.dataset.i === q.c) o.classList.add('right');
+      });
+      if (!correct) b.classList.add('wrong');
+      const expl = root.querySelector('#wa-expl');
+      expl.style.display = 'block';
+      expl.innerHTML = `<strong>${correct ? 'Correct' : 'Incorrect'}.</strong> ${q.x}`;
+      root.querySelector('.wa-nav').style.display = 'block';
+      root.querySelector('.wa-score').textContent = `Score ${score}/${answered}`;
+    }));
+    const nx = root.querySelector('#wa-next');
+    if (nx) nx.addEventListener('click', ()=>{ if (qi+1 < total) { qi++; } else { buildList(); } render(); });
+  }
+
+  // render once when the view is first opened
+  const origGo = window.go;
+  window.go = function(v){
+    if (v === 'waprep') { buildList(); render(); }
+    origGo(v);
+  };
+})();
+</script>
+<style>
+.wa-cats{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:14px}
+.wa-cats .wac{padding:8px 16px;border-radius:999px;border:1px solid var(--line,#2C3455);background:var(--surface,#141A30);color:var(--text,#EDE7D6);cursor:pointer;font-size:.85rem}
+.wa-cats .wac.on{background:var(--brass,#E3A53F);color:#1a1206;border-color:var(--brass,#E3A53F);font-weight:700}
+.wa-card{background:var(--surface,#141A30);border:1px solid var(--line,#2C3455);border-radius:14px;padding:24px;max-width:760px;margin:0 auto}
+.wa-prog{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-family:"JetBrains Mono",monospace;font-size:.78rem;color:var(--text-faint,#6E7688);margin-bottom:16px}
+.wa-score{color:var(--verdigris,#54BFA9)}
+.wa-q{font-family:Fraunces,serif;font-size:1.3rem;line-height:1.4;color:var(--text,#EDE7D6);margin-bottom:18px}
+.wa-opts{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px}
+.wa-opt{text-align:left;padding:12px 16px;border-radius:10px;border:1px solid var(--line,#2C3455);background:var(--surface-2,#1B2239);color:var(--text,#EDE7D6);cursor:pointer;font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.4}
+.wa-opt:hover:not(:disabled){border-color:var(--brass,#E3A53F)}
+.wa-opt.right{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--verdigris,#54BFA9) 22%,transparent);border-color:var(--verdigris,#54BFA9)}
+.wa-opt.wrong{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--crimson,#DE5F45) 22%,transparent);border-color:var(--crimson,#DE5F45)}
+.wa-opt:disabled{cursor:default;opacity:.9}
+.wa-expl{margin-top:16px;padding:12px 16px;border-left:3px solid var(--verdigris,#54BFA9);background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--verdigris,#54BFA9) 9%,transparent);border-radius:8px;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--text,#EDE7D6)}
+.wa-nav{margin-top:16px;text-align:right}
+</style>
+'''.replace('__WADATA__', wa_data_json)
+
+s = s.rstrip() + '\n' + RENDER + '\n'
+
+open(p, "w").write(s)
+print(f"injected WA Prep view with {len(WAEXAM)} questions; size {len(s)}")
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index ee28f26..8634001 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -358,6 +358,7 @@ mark{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--brass) 30%,transparent); color:inherit;
   <section class="view" id="v-exam"></section>
   <section class="view" id="v-gloss"></section>
   <section class="view" id="v-wa"></section>
+  <section class="view" id="v-waprep"></section>
 </main>
 
 <footer class="foot">
@@ -1996,7 +1997,7 @@ const FLASH=[
 /* ================= ENGINE ================= */
 const $=(s,r=document)=>r.querySelector(s), $$=(s,r=document)=>[...r.querySelectorAll(s)];
 const esc=s=>String(s).replace(/&(?![a-z#]+;)/g,'&amp;').replace(/</g,'&lt;');
-const VIEWS=[["home","Suite"],["field","Field Guide"],["keys","Keys"],["house","22 Points"],["cards","Flashcards"],["exam","Exam"],["gloss","Glossary"],["wa","WA Cert"]];
+const VIEWS=[["home","Suite"],["field","Field Guide"],["keys","Keys"],["house","22 Points"],["cards","Flashcards"],["exam","Exam"],["gloss","Glossary"],["wa","WA Cert"],["waprep","WA Prep"]];
 
 /* ---- tabs ---- */
 const tabsEl=$('#tabs');
@@ -2452,3 +2453,97 @@ $('#v-wa').innerHTML=`
 </section>
 `;
 </script>
+
+<script>
+/* ==== WA PREP — original practice question bank ==== */
+const WAEXAM = [{"cat": "Core", "q": "Which federal law is the primary authority for pesticide regulation in the United States?", "a": ["Clean Water Act", "FIFRA (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act)", "OSHA Act", "Endangered Species Act"], "c": 1, "x": "FIFRA governs the registration, sale, and use of pesticides nationwide."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Under FIFRA, a pesticide may be used legally only according to", "a": ["the salesman's advice", "the buyer's preference", "the label directions", "the manufacturer's website"], "c": 2, "x": "The label is the law \u2014 using a pesticide in any way inconsistent with its labeling is a violation."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "A pesticide classified as a 'Restricted Use' pesticide can be applied by", "a": ["anyone over 18", "a certified applicator or someone under their direct supervision", "a homeowner", "any employee"], "c": 1, "x": "Restricted-use pesticides require certification because of their potential to harm people or the environment."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Which agency administers Washington's pesticide licensing and enforcement?", "a": ["EPA", "OSHA", "Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA)", "Department of Ecology"], "c": 2, "x": "WSDA is the state lead agency for pesticide regulation in Washington."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Pesticides must be registered before sale by", "a": ["the state only", "EPA and, for Washington, WSDA", "the retailer", "the applicator"], "c": 1, "x": "Registration is a two-level system: EPA registers federally, and WSDA registers for sale in Washington."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "A pesticide label is a legal document. Using a pesticide at a rate HIGHER than the label allows is", "a": ["acceptable in hard cases", "a violation of law", "fine if the pest is bad", "allowed for licensed applicators"], "c": 1, "x": "Exceeding the labeled rate is illegal, even for certified applicators."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Who is responsible for ensuring a pesticide is applied according to the label?", "a": ["the manufacturer", "the seller", "the applicator", "the property owner"], "c": 2, "x": "The applicator carries the legal responsibility to follow the label."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Which statement about pesticide storage is correct?", "a": ["Store with food if sealed", "Store in a locked, ventilated, dry area away from food and feed", "Store near wellheads for convenience", "Store in direct sunlight"], "c": 1, "x": "Pesticides must be stored locked, dry, ventilated, and away from food, feed, and water sources."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "A pesticide container should be triple-rinsed", "a": ["before disposal", "only if it held liquid", "before refilling", "never"], "c": 0, "x": "Triple-rinse (or equivalent) empty containers before disposal or recycling."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Illegally applying a pesticide can result in", "a": ["no penalty if licensed", "fines and loss of license", "a warning only", "a small fee"], "c": 1, "x": "Violations can bring civil and criminal penalties and suspension or revocation of a license."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The signal word 'DANGER' on a label means the product is", "a": ["moderately toxic", "slightly toxic", "highly toxic (Toxicity Category I)", "non-toxic"], "c": 2, "x": "DANGER = Category I, the highest acute toxicity. It may also carry 'POISON' with a skull and crossbones."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The signal word 'WARNING' indicates the pesticide is", "a": ["highly toxic", "moderately toxic (Category II)", "slightly toxic", "harmless"], "c": 1, "x": "WARNING = Toxicity Category II, moderate acute toxicity."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The signal word 'CAUTION' means the product is", "a": ["highly toxic", "moderately toxic", "slightly toxic (Category III) or relatively non-toxic (IV)", "flammable"], "c": 2, "x": "CAUTION covers Categories III and IV, the least acutely toxic."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The 'Statement of Practical Treatment' on a label tells you", "a": ["how to store the product", "first aid and what to do if exposed", "how to mix it", "the shelf life"], "c": 1, "x": "This section gives first-aid and emergency medical instructions."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "'Directions for Use' on the label include all of the following EXCEPT", "a": ["pests controlled", "application rate", "sites where it may be used", "the retail price"], "c": 3, "x": "Price is never on the label; the label covers pests, rates, sites, timing, and methods."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The common name of a pesticide is", "a": ["the brand name", "a simple, accepted name for the active ingredient", "the EPA registration number", "the distributor's name"], "c": 1, "x": "The common name identifies the active ingredient (e.g., 'bifenthrin'), unlike the brand name."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The active ingredient of a pesticide is", "a": ["the water added at mixing", "the chemical that actually controls the pest", "the carrier", "the emulsifier"], "c": 1, "x": "The active ingredient is the chemical that kills or repels the target pest."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "If part of a label is missing or illegible, you should", "a": ["guess at the missing part", "use the product anyway", "obtain a complete label before use", "ask a coworker"], "c": 2, "x": "Never use a pesticide without a complete, legible label."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Precautionary statements on a label include", "a": ["hazards to humans, environment, and physical/chemical hazards", "the product's cost", "the retailer's return policy", "shipping weight"], "c": 0, "x": "Precautionary statements cover human, environmental, and physical/chemical hazards."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "'Do not apply when wind exceeds X mph' is an example of", "a": ["a marketing statement", "an environmental precaution/drift control statement", "a storage instruction", "a warranty"], "c": 1, "x": "This is a precaution to prevent drift and protect non-target areas."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The most common route of pesticide exposure for applicators is", "a": ["oral (mouth)", "inhalation (lungs)", "dermal (skin)", "ocular (eyes)"], "c": 2, "x": "Dermal exposure \u2014 through the skin \u2014 is the most common route for applicators."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "LD50 is a measure of", "a": ["how fast a pesticide works", "the dose that kills 50% of a test population (acute toxicity)", "the shelf life", "the cost per gallon"], "c": 1, "x": "LD50 (lethal dose 50%) is a standard measure of acute toxicity."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "A pesticide with an LD50 of 5 mg/kg is", "a": ["less toxic than one with an LD50 of 500 mg/kg", "more toxic than one with an LD50 of 500 mg/kg", "equally toxic", "non-toxic"], "c": 1, "x": "A SMALLER LD50 number means MORE toxic \u2014 it takes less chemical to be lethal."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The first step to take after any pesticide exposure is", "a": ["wait to see if symptoms develop", "read the label and follow its first-aid directions", "drink a glass of milk", "take a shower"], "c": 1, "x": "The label's first-aid section is the immediate source of correct action."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The Poison Control Center number is", "a": ["911 only", "1-800-222-1222", "411", "1-800-555-1212"], "c": 1, "x": "1-800-222-1222 connects to Poison Control 24/7."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "If pesticide is spilled on skin, you should immediately", "a": ["wipe it off and continue", "wash with plenty of soap and water, and remove contaminated clothing", "apply lotion", "wait until break"], "c": 1, "x": "Wash the area immediately with soap and water and remove contaminated clothing."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Symptoms of pesticide poisoning can include", "a": ["headache, nausea, dizziness, and blurred vision", "increased appetite", "clearer vision", "none of the above"], "c": 0, "x": "Nausea, headache, dizziness, and blurred vision are common poisoning symptoms."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Cholinesterase is an enzyme affected by which class of pesticides?", "a": ["pyrethroids", "organophosphates and carbamates", "insect growth regulators", "botanicals"], "c": 1, "x": "Organophosphates and carbamates inhibit cholinesterase, disrupting nerve function."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "If a pesticide gets in the eyes, flush with", "a": ["rubbing alcohol", "mild water for at least 15 minutes", "soapy water", "a dry cloth"], "c": 1, "x": "Flush eyes gently with clean water for 15 minutes, then seek medical help."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Which is NOT a way to reduce pesticide exposure when mixing?", "a": ["wear PPE", "mix outdoors in a ventilated area", "mix with bare hands", "measure carefully"], "c": 2, "x": "Never handle concentrated pesticide with bare hands; always wear proper PPE."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The single most important PPE for preventing dermal exposure is", "a": ["a hard hat", "chemical-resistant gloves", "earplugs", "steel-toe boots"], "c": 1, "x": "Chemical-resistant gloves protect the hands, the most likely contact point."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Chemical-resistant gloves should be checked for leaks by", "a": ["wearing them only once", "filling them with water and checking for leaks", "stretching them", "sniffing them"], "c": 1, "x": "Test gloves by filling with water (or air) to detect pinholes before use."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Which respirator is correct for most pesticide vapors?", "a": ["a dust mask", "a NIOSH-approved chemical cartridge respirator", "a surgical mask", "no respirator"], "c": 1, "x": "Chemical cartridge respirators with the correct cartridge filter vapors; dust masks don't."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Goggles or a face shield are worn to protect against", "a": ["dermal exposure to the arms", "eye exposure from splashes and dust", "foot injuries", "heat"], "c": 1, "x": "Eye protection guards against splashes and drifting particles."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "PPE should be", "a": ["reused without cleaning", "washed separately from other clothing and inspected before each use", "stored wet", "shared between workers"], "c": 1, "x": "Wash PPE separately, inspect before each use, and store it clean and dry."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "After each use, reusable chemical-resistant gloves should be", "a": ["discarded immediately", "washed, inspected, and dried", "left inside-out", "reused without inspection"], "c": 1, "x": "Clean, inspect for holes, and dry gloves before the next use."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "A coverall worn for pesticide handling should be", "a": ["loose and torn", "clean, intact, and worn over regular clothes", "worn only in cold weather", "replaced only when torn"], "c": 1, "x": "Coveralls should be clean and intact, worn over regular clothing."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The type of respirator cartridge you need depends on", "a": ["your preference", "the pesticide being used and its label requirements", "the color of the can", "the price"], "c": 1, "x": "The label specifies the correct respirator and cartridge for the pesticide."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Pesticide drift is most likely when", "a": ["wind is calm", "wind is strong and droplets are small", "it is raining", "at night"], "c": 1, "x": "Small droplets and strong wind increase the chance of off-target drift."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "To reduce drift, an applicator should", "a": ["increase nozzle height", "use larger droplets and lower pressure", "spray upwind of the target", "spray at midday"], "c": 1, "x": "Larger droplets and lower pressure reduce drift."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Pesticide can contaminate groundwater most easily when", "a": ["soil is sandy and the water table is shallow", "soil is heavy clay", "it is frozen", "on slopes"], "c": 0, "x": "Sandy soils and shallow water tables allow pesticides to leach into groundwater."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "A buffer zone is", "a": ["a storage area", "an untreated strip between a treated area and a sensitive area (water, habitat)", "a mixing pad", "a parking area"], "c": 1, "x": "Buffer zones protect sensitive areas from drift and runoff."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The Endangered Species Act can restrict pesticide use", "a": ["never", "to protect listed threatened or endangered species in their habitat", "only on farms", "only in winter"], "c": 1, "x": "Restrictions may apply where pesticides could harm federally listed species."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "To protect pollinators, avoid applying insecticides", "a": ["on blooming crops when bees are foraging", "at dawn", "in winter", "after bloom"], "c": 0, "x": "Avoid treating flowering plants when bees are actively foraging."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Pesticide runoff into a stream is most likely from", "a": ["applying to dry pavement", "applying on a slope near water during or before heavy rain", "indoor use", "winter use"], "c": 1, "x": "Applying near water on slopes before rain increases runoff risk."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Empty pesticide containers should be", "a": ["buried", "burned", "triple-rinsed and disposed of according to the label", "thrown in regular trash"], "c": 2, "x": "Triple-rinse and follow label disposal instructions."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "A spill of concentrated pesticide should be", "a": ["washed down a drain", "contained, cleaned up, and reported per label and regulation", "left to evaporate", "hosed into soil"], "c": 1, "x": "Contain the spill, clean it up with absorbents, and follow reporting rules."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Never store pesticides", "a": ["in a locked cabinet", "in a dry shed", "near food, feed, seed, or water sources", "in original containers"], "c": 2, "x": "Keep pesticides away from anything that could be contaminated."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "An 'EC' formulation means", "a": ["emulsifiable concentrate", "extra concentrate", "electrical charge", "easy clean"], "c": 0, "x": "EC = emulsifiable concentrate, a liquid that forms an emulsion when mixed with water."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "A 'WP' formulation is a", "a": ["wettable powder", "water pill", "white paste", "weak poison"], "c": 0, "x": "WP = wettable powder, a dry powder mixed with water to form a suspension."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "A granular (G) formulation is applied", "a": ["as a spray", "dry, without water", "as a fog", "only indoors"], "c": 1, "x": "Granules are dry and applied without mixing with water."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "A bait formulation", "a": ["is always sprayed", "mixes the toxicant with an attractant the pest eats", "is only for termites", "is a fumigant"], "c": 1, "x": "Baits combine a toxicant with an attractant the target pest consumes."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "An adjuvant is", "a": ["the active ingredient", "a substance added to improve a pesticide's performance", "the container", "the label"], "c": 1, "x": "Adjuvants (surfactants, spreaders, stickers) enhance pesticide effectiveness."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Which formulation is most likely to clog spray nozzles?", "a": ["emulsifiable concentrate", "wettable powder (if not agitated)", "solution", "bait"], "c": 1, "x": "Wettable powders settle out and can clog nozzles without constant agitation."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "A 'solution' formulation is", "a": ["cloudy when mixed", "a true solution that stays dissolved and clear", "always a gas", "a powder"], "c": 1, "x": "Solutions dissolve completely and stay clear; no agitation needed."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Formulations that are 'ready to use' (RTU)", "a": ["require dilution", "are applied directly from the container as-is", "need a license", "are only for indoor use"], "c": 1, "x": "RTU products are pre-mixed and applied directly."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "An aerosol formulation is useful for", "a": ["large fields", "crack and crevice or space treatments", "soil drenching", "tree injection"], "c": 1, "x": "Aerosols deliver a fine mist for cracks, crevices, and small spaces."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The nozzle component that determines droplet size and spray pattern is the", "a": ["tank", "tip/orifice", "hose", "pump"], "c": 1, "x": "The nozzle tip controls flow rate, droplet size, and pattern."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Calibration means", "a": ["washing the sprayer", "adjusting the sprayer to deliver the correct amount of product per area", "painting the tank", "buying a new nozzle"], "c": 1, "x": "Calibration ensures you apply the correct rate per unit area."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The formula for gallons per acre (GPA) from nozzle output is", "a": ["GPA = (5940 \u00d7 GPM per nozzle) \u00f7 (MPH \u00d7 nozzle spacing in inches)", "GPA = MPH \u00d7 nozzles", "GPA = GPM \u00d7 100", "GPA = tank size \u00f7 field size"], "c": 0, "x": "GPA = (5940 \u00d7 GPM) \u00f7 (MPH \u00d7 nozzle spacing in inches) is the standard calibration formula."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Before calibrating, you should", "a": ["guess the output", "check for worn or clogged nozzles and replace as needed", "fill the tank completely", "remove all PPE"], "c": 1, "x": "Worn or clogged nozzles change output and must be corrected before calibration."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Worn nozzles deliver", "a": ["less than rated", "more than rated and uneven patterns", "the same output forever", "no output"], "c": 1, "x": "Worn nozzles over-apply and produce uneven patterns."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Backflow prevention devices protect", "a": ["the spray tank", "the water supply from contamination", "the tires", "the pump"], "c": 1, "x": "Backflow preventers keep pesticides from siphoning back into the water source."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "When mixing pesticides, the correct order generally is", "a": ["add everything at once", "add the pesticide first", "add water first, then pesticides, following label mixing order", "stir dry"], "c": 2, "x": "Add water first (partial fill), then pesticides per label mixing order, then top off."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "A backpack sprayer is best suited for", "a": ["large fields", "small, targeted applications and spot treatments", "aerial application", "whole orchards"], "c": 1, "x": "Backpack sprayers are for small, precise applications."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Sprayer pressure should be", "a": ["as high as possible", "set to the label and nozzle manufacturer's recommended range", "always maximum", "ignored"], "c": 1, "x": "Use the recommended pressure for the nozzle and product."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "After spraying, the sprayer should be", "a": ["left full", "rinsed (triple-rinsed) and decontaminated", "stored dirty", "drained into a gutter"], "c": 1, "x": "Rinse and decontaminate the sprayer after each use to prevent cross-contamination."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "IPM stands for", "a": ["International Pest Management", "Integrated Pest Management", "Insect Prevention Method", "Industrial Pesticide Mix"], "c": 1, "x": "IPM = Integrated Pest Management."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The first step in IPM is", "a": ["spraying immediately", "correctly identifying the pest and monitoring its population", "fumigation", "calling the EPA"], "c": 1, "x": "Proper pest identification and monitoring are the foundation of IPM."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "An 'action threshold' is", "a": ["the maximum label rate", "the pest population level at which control should begin", "the legal limit", "the tank size"], "c": 1, "x": "The action threshold is the pest level at which you must act to prevent damage."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Which is a biological control method?", "a": ["herbicide", "releasing natural enemies (predators/parasites)", "a fogger", "soil fumigation"], "c": 1, "x": "Biological control uses natural enemies of the pest."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "A cultural control method is", "a": ["changing the environment (sanitation, crop rotation, moisture management) to make it less favorable for pests", "applying a chemical", "using traps only", "none"], "c": 0, "x": "Cultural controls modify the environment to suppress pests."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "A mechanical control method is", "a": ["a bait", "a trap or physical barrier", "a systemic pesticide", "a growth regulator"], "c": 1, "x": "Mechanical controls physically remove or exclude pests (traps, barriers, screens)."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Using pesticides as part of IPM should be", "a": ["the first option always", "only when needed, as one tool among several", "never done", "the only option"], "c": 1, "x": "In IPM, pesticides are used judiciously, only when other methods are insufficient."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Regular monitoring helps an applicator", "a": ["waste pesticide", "detect pests early and decide if/when to treat", "avoid all paperwork", "increase drift"], "c": 1, "x": "Monitoring catches problems early so control is targeted and timely."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Sanitation is an example of which control type?", "a": ["chemical", "cultural", "biological", "regulatory"], "c": 1, "x": "Sanitation (removing food, water, shelter) is a cultural control."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The goal of IPM is to", "a": ["eliminate every insect", "manage pests at acceptable levels with minimal risk and cost", "use the most pesticide", "avoid all chemicals at any cost"], "c": 1, "x": "IPM manages pests below damaging levels with the least risk and cost."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The Worker Protection Standard (WPS) protects", "a": ["only the applicator", "agricultural workers and pesticide handlers from exposure", "retail employees", "homeowners"], "c": 1, "x": "WPS protects workers and handlers on farms, nurseries, and greenhouses."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "REI stands for", "a": ["Restricted Entry Interval", "Regular Exposure Interval", "Rapid Entry Interval", "Required Equipment Inspection"], "c": 0, "x": "REI = Restricted Entry Interval, the time after application when entry is limited."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "During a REI, workers may", "a": ["enter freely", "enter only with proper PPE and training if allowed", "enter without PPE", "enter to harvest"], "c": 1, "x": "During REI, entry is restricted; only trained workers with required PPE may enter under specific rules."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "An employer must provide WPS-required workers with", "a": ["no information", "pesticide safety training and information about recent applications", "free pesticide", "a phone"], "c": 1, "x": "Workers must receive training and be informed of pesticide applications."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "A 'central posting' area at a WPS worksite is where", "a": ["pesticides are stored", "workers can find application information and the safety poster", "equipment is parked", "lunch is eaten"], "c": 1, "x": "Central posting displays the safety poster and recent application records."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Personal protective equipment provided to workers must be", "a": ["shared", "maintained and available as required by the label", "optional", "only for handlers"], "c": 1, "x": "Employers must provide and maintain the PPE the label requires for workers."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The WPS requires employers to keep records of", "a": ["worker names only", "pesticide applications and training", "weather", "sales"], "c": 1, "x": "Application and training records must be kept."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Who must receive WPS pesticide safety training?", "a": ["only the owner", "workers and handlers on agricultural establishments", "only office staff", "no one"], "c": 1, "x": "All workers and handlers covered by WPS must be trained."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "Washington commercial applicators must renew their license every", "a": ["year", "5 years", "10 years", "never"], "c": 1, "x": "WA commercial applicator licenses renew every 5 years with continuing education."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The WA continuing education requirement for commercial applicators is", "a": ["40 CEUs per 5-year period", "10 CEUs per year", "no CE", "100 CEUs per year"], "c": 0, "x": "WA requires 40 continuing education units per 5-year renewal period."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The WA pesticide applicator exam passing score is", "a": ["50%", "70%", "90%", "100%"], "c": 1, "x": "A score of 70% is required to pass."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "WA pesticide applicator records of restricted-use pesticide applications must be kept", "a": ["6 months", "at least 2 years", "1 year", "forever"], "c": 1, "x": "WA requires RUP application records be kept at least 2 years."}, {"cat": "Core", "q": "The WA 'Private Applicator' license is for", "a": ["structural pest control", "applying pesticides on your own or your employer's farm to produce agricultural commodities", "public health", "aquatic weed control"], "c": 1, "x": "Private applicators apply restricted-use pesticides on their own agricultural operation."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "The most common wood-destroying insect in Washington structures is the", "a": ["carpenter ant", "termite", "powderpost beetle", "silverfish"], "c": 0, "x": "Carpenter ants are the #1 wood-destroying pest in WA structures."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "A key difference between carpenter ants and termites is that carpenter ants have", "a": ["straight antennae and equal wings", "elbowed antennae and a narrow (pinched) waist", "no antennae", "four pairs of legs"], "c": 1, "x": "Ants have elbowed antennae and a narrow waist; termites have straight antennae and a broad waist."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "Subterranean termites enter structures through", "a": ["open windows", "mud tubes from the soil to wood", "the roof", "crawlspace vents only"], "c": 1, "x": "Subterranean termites build mud tubes to travel from soil to wood."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "Dampwood termites require", "a": ["dry wood", "moist wood", "living plants", "paper only"], "c": 1, "x": "Dampwood termites infest wood with high moisture content."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "A 'swarm' of winged termites indoors is a sign of", "a": ["a healthy house", "an active or nearby termite colony", "good ventilation", "nothing"], "c": 1, "x": "Indoor termite swarms indicate an infestation or a colony close by."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "Wood damaged by subterranean termites characteristically shows", "a": ["smooth, clean galleries with soil/mud", "round exit holes and fine powder", "large open tunnels", "no damage"], "c": 0, "x": "Subterranean termite galleries are clean and often lined with soil."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "Powderpost beetles are recognized by", "a": ["mud tubes", "tiny round exit holes and fine, flour-like frass", "large nests", "webs"], "c": 1, "x": "Powderpost beetles leave small round exit holes and powdery frass."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "The first step in a wood-destroying organism (WDO) inspection is", "a": ["applying chemical", "a thorough visual inspection of the structure, looking for signs and conducive conditions", "drilling holes", "fumigating"], "c": 1, "x": "Inspection always comes before treatment."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "A 'conducive condition' for termites is", "a": ["good drainage", "wood-to-soil contact and excess moisture", "full sun", "air conditioning"], "c": 1, "x": "Wood-to-soil contact and moisture create conditions favorable to termites."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "The German cockroach is recognized by", "a": ["its large size", "two dark longitudinal stripes behind the head", "a single red stripe", "blue wings"], "c": 1, "x": "German cockroaches have two dark parallel stripes on the pronotum."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "Cockroach droppings that resemble coffee grounds or black pepper are typical of", "a": ["the Oriental cockroach", "the American cockroach", "the German cockroach", "the smoky-brown cockroach"], "c": 2, "x": "German cockroach droppings look like coffee grounds or pepper."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "The American cockroach is", "a": ["small and tan", "the largest common structural roach, reddish-brown with a yellow figure-8 behind the head", "always winged and flying", "bright green"], "c": 1, "x": "The American cockroach is large and reddish-brown with a yellowish band."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "An 'ootheca' is", "a": ["a termite tube", "a cockroach egg case", "a spider web", "a beetle larva"], "c": 1, "x": "An ootheca is the egg case produced by cockroaches."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "The best way to control German cockroaches is", "a": ["a single fogger", "integrated control: sanitation + baits + targeted crack-and-crevice treatment", "only sticky traps", "ignoring them"], "c": 1, "x": "German roach control requires sanitation, baits, and targeted treatments."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "Bed bugs hide primarily", "a": ["in kitchens", "in cracks, seams of mattresses, and near sleeping areas", "on the ceiling", "in the garage"], "c": 1, "x": "Bed bugs hide in mattress seams, headboards, and cracks near the bed."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "A sign of a bed bug infestation is", "a": ["only bites", "cast skins, fecal spots, and live bugs at mattress seams", "a foul odor only", "no visible signs"], "c": 1, "x": "Confirm bed bugs with cast skins, fecal spots, and live insects, not just bites."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "The house mouse is distinguished from the Norway rat by", "a": ["its large size", "its small size, large ears, and pointed muzzle", "its short tail", "its fur color only"], "c": 1, "x": "The house mouse is small with large ears and a pointed muzzle."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "The Norway rat is characterized by", "a": ["a small body and large ears", "a heavy body, blunt muzzle, and a tail shorter than head+body", "a furry tail", "no tail"], "c": 1, "x": "Norway rats are heavy-bodied with blunt muzzles and a shorter tail."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "Rodent bait should be placed", "a": ["in the open on the floor", "in tamper-resistant bait stations along runways and near activity", "where children can reach", "on counters"], "c": 1, "x": "Place rodent baits in tamper-resistant stations along active runways."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "The hobo spider is", "a": ["medically dangerous", "a common WA house spider whose bite is not necrotic (disproven)", "a webless spider", "an aggressive hunter that chases people"], "c": 1, "x": "The hobo spider is common in WA; its bite is not necrotic."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "A 'wood-infesting' insect NOT covered by a basic WDO inspection is the", "a": ["subterranean termite", "carpenter ant", "carpet beetle", "powderpost beetle"], "c": 2, "x": "Carpet beetles are fabric pests, not wood-destroying organisms."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "Before treating for WDOs, the applicator should", "a": ["spray everywhere", "identify the specific organism and correct conducive conditions", "use the strongest chemical", "drill randomly"], "c": 1, "x": "Correct identification and correcting conducive conditions are essential first."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "Fumigation is used for", "a": ["routine ant control", "whole-structure treatment of drywood termites or severe infestations", "cockroach baits", "rat control"], "c": 1, "x": "Fumigation treats the entire structure, used for drywood termites and severe cases."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "Termite baiting systems work by", "a": ["repelling termites", "placing a slow-acting toxicant that foraging termites carry back to the colony", "killing on contact only", "drying out the wood"], "c": 1, "x": "Baits are carried back to the colony, eventually eliminating it."}, {"cat": "Structural", "q": "The most important moisture-related recommendation in a WDO report is", "a": ["increase watering", "repair leaks and improve drainage to reduce wood moisture", "add a pond", "ignore moisture"], "c": 1, "x": "Reducing moisture is the primary non-chemical WDO recommendation."}, {"cat": "Ornamental & Turf", "q": "'Ornamental & Turf' applicators treat pests on", "a": ["only food crops", "landscape plants, lawns, and turf", "only trees", "only indoor plants"], "c": 1, "x": "This category covers landscape ornamentals and turf."}, {"cat": "Ornamental & Turf", "q": "The correct way to apply a lawn herbicide is to", "a": ["spot-treat only the weeds or broadcast at the labeled rate", "drench the whole lawn", "apply in the heat of the day", "apply before reading the label"], "c": 0, "x": "Apply at the labeled rate, targeting weeds or broadcasting correctly."}, {"cat": "Ornamental & Turf", "q": "When treating ornamental plants, you should first", "a": ["identify the pest and confirm the product is labeled for that plant", "spray everything", "use the highest rate", "mix with a hose-end sprayer only"], "c": 0, "x": "Identify the pest and verify the pesticide is labeled for that specific plant."}, {"cat": "Ornamental & Turf", "q": "A common turf pest in Washington is the", "a": ["crane fly (leatherjacket larva)", "cockroach", "bed bug", "flea"], "c": 0, "x": "European crane fly larvae (leatherjackets) damage PNW lawns."}, {"cat": "Ornamental & Turf", "q": "Moss in PNW lawns is best managed by", "a": ["only chemical sprays", "improving drainage, reducing shade, and correcting soil pH, with moss control products if needed", "more fertilizer", "mowing shorter"], "c": 1, "x": "Moss thrives in shade, poor drainage, and acid soil \u2014 fix conditions first."}, {"cat": "Ornamental & Turf", "q": "When applying an insecticide to a flowering ornamental, you should", "a": ["apply at midday", "avoid application when bees are foraging, and follow pollinator-protection language", "apply in rain", "use a fogger"], "c": 1, "x": "Protect pollinators by avoiding treatment during bloom/foraging."}, {"cat": "Ornamental & Turf", "q": "Phytotoxicity is", "a": ["plant damage caused by a chemical", "insect damage", "fungal disease", "a nutrient deficiency"], "c": 0, "x": "Phytotoxicity is injury to plants caused by a pesticide or other chemical."}, {"cat": "Ornamental & Turf", "q": "Before applying a pesticide to a large landscape, the applicator should", "a": ["notify neighbors if required and post as needed", "do nothing", "spray at night only", "skip calibration"], "c": 0, "x": "Notification and posting requirements protect people near treated areas."}, {"cat": "Ornamental & Turf", "q": "A systemic insecticide is", "a": ["applied to the soil or plant and moves through the plant's tissues", "only a contact spray", "a bait", "a fumigant"], "c": 0, "x": "Systemics are absorbed and translocated within the plant."}, {"cat": "Ornamental & Turf", "q": "The best time to apply a pre-emergent herbicide is", "a": ["after weeds emerge", "before weed seeds germinate", "after flowering", "in winter only"], "c": 1, "x": "Pre-emergents prevent weed seeds from germinating; apply before emergence."}, {"cat": "Ornamental & Turf", "q": "A post-emergent herbicide targets", "a": ["germinating seeds", "weeds that have already emerged", "roots only", "soil microbes"], "c": 1, "x": "Post-emergents control weeds that have already sprouted."}, {"cat": "Ornamental & Turf", "q": "Overseeding and proper fertilization in turf is an example of", "a": ["chemical control", "cultural control", "mechanical control", "no control"], "c": 1, "x": "Healthy turf (cultural control) outcompetes weeds and pests."}, {"cat": "Ornamental & Turf", "q": "When treating for a shrub pest, you should apply", "a": ["only to the affected plant at the labeled rate", "to the entire yard", "without reading the label", "with a fire hose"], "c": 0, "x": "Target the affected plant at the correct labeled rate."}, {"cat": "Ornamental & Turf", "q": "The first step in diagnosing a turf problem is", "a": ["spraying fungicide", "identifying whether the cause is insect, disease, cultural, or environmental", "applying fertilizer", "aeration"], "c": 1, "x": "Correctly diagnosing the cause avoids unnecessary pesticide use."}, {"cat": "Ornamental & Turf", "q": "Herbicide drift onto a neighbor's desirable plants can cause", "a": ["no harm", "injury or death to those plants and liability for the applicator", "faster growth", "better color"], "c": 1, "x": "Drift onto non-target plants damages them and can create legal liability."}, {"cat": "Agricultural", "q": "A 'Private Applicator' may apply restricted-use pesticides on", "a": ["any property", "their own or employer's farm to produce agricultural commodities", "public parks", "schools"], "c": 1, "x": "Private applicators use RUPs on their own agricultural operation only."}, {"cat": "Agricultural", "q": "The purpose of an agricultural pesticide application record is to", "a": ["satisfy legal requirements and track what/where/when was applied", "fill time", "impress neighbors", "none"], "c": 0, "x": "Records are legally required and document application details."}, {"cat": "Agricultural", "q": "When spraying a field, calibration should be done", "a": ["once and never again", "before each new crop or when conditions/nozzles change", "only if caught", "every 10 years"], "c": 1, "x": "Recalibrate whenever crop, speed, pressure, or nozzles change."}, {"cat": "Agricultural", "q": "Spraying near a sensitive crop or waterway requires", "a": ["no special care", "a buffer zone and drift management", "more pesticide", "higher pressure"], "c": 1, "x": "Use buffers and drift control near sensitive crops and water."}, {"cat": "Agricultural", "q": "The pre-harvest interval (PHI) is", "a": ["the time between the last application and harvest", "the time between applications", "the storage time", "the mixing time"], "c": 0, "x": "PHI is the minimum time between the last application and harvest."}, {"cat": "Agricultural", "q": "Which is a cultural control in agriculture?", "a": ["crop rotation", "a fungicide spray", "a growth regulator", "a fumigant"], "c": 0, "x": "Crop rotation disrupts pest life cycles \u2014 a cultural control."}, {"cat": "Agricultural", "q": "A beneficial insect (e.g., lady beetle) should be", "a": ["preserved by using selective pesticides and scouting", "always killed", "ignored", "sprayed with broad-spectrum products"], "c": 0, "x": "Preserve beneficials by scouting and using selective products."}, {"cat": "Agricultural", "q": "Applying a pesticide when wind exceeds the label limit can cause", "a": ["better coverage", "off-target drift and violation", "faster drying", "deeper penetration"], "c": 1, "x": "Exceeding wind limits causes drift and is a label violation."}, {"cat": "Agricultural", "q": "The best time to spray for many pests is", "a": ["midday heat", "early morning or evening when wind is low and temperatures are moderate", "during rain", "at high wind"], "c": 1, "x": "Early morning/evening reduces drift and improves efficacy."}, {"cat": "Agricultural", "q": "A 'nozzle' that produces a fine mist is more likely to", "a": ["drift", "penetrate deep", "be coarse", "clog less"], "c": 0, "x": "Fine droplets drift more easily."}, {"cat": "Agricultural", "q": "Integrated Pest Management on a farm relies most on", "a": ["calendar spraying", "scouting, thresholds, and multiple tactics", "only chemicals", "guessing"], "c": 1, "x": "IPM uses scouting and thresholds to guide targeted, multi-tactic control."}, {"cat": "Agricultural", "q": "A pesticide resistance problem is reduced by", "a": ["using the same product every time", "rotating pesticides with different modes of action", "increasing the dose", "mixing incompatible products"], "c": 1, "x": "Rotating modes of action slows resistance development."}, {"cat": "Agricultural", "q": "Rinsing spray equipment in a field is a problem because it", "a": ["is efficient", "can create a point source of contamination", "saves water", "is required"], "c": 1, "x": "Rinsing in the field concentrates pesticide in one spot, risking contamination."}];
+
+(function(){
+  let curCat = 'All', qi = 0, score = 0, answered = 0, qlist = [];
+  const CATS = ['All','Core','Structural','Ornamental & Turf','Agricultural'];
+
+  function buildList(){
+    qlist = curCat === 'All' ? WAEXAM.slice() : WAEXAM.filter(q => q.cat === curCat);
+    // shuffle deterministically-ish
+    qlist = qlist.map((q,i)=>({...q, _r: Math.random()})).sort((a,b)=>a._r-b._r);
+    qi = 0; score = 0; answered = 0;
+  }
+
+  function render(){
+    const root = document.getElementById('v-waprep');
+    const cats = CATS.map(c=>`<button class="wac${c===curCat?' on':''}" data-wacat="${c}">${c}</button>`).join('');
+    const total = qlist.length;
+    const q = qlist[qi];
+    let body = '';
+    if (total === 0) {
+      body = `<p class="lede">No questions in this category yet.</p>`;
+    } else {
+      const done = answered >= total;
+      body = `
+        <div class="wa-prog"><span>${Math.min(answered+1, total)} / ${total}</span><span class="wa-score">Score ${score}/${answered||1}</span></div>
+        <div class="wa-q">${q.q}</div>
+        <div class="wa-opts">${q.a.map((opt, i)=>`<button class="wa-opt" data-i="${i}">${String.fromCharCode(65+i)}. ${opt}</button>`).join('')}</div>
+        <div class="wa-expl" id="wa-expl" style="display:none"></div>
+        <div class="wa-nav" style="display:none">
+          <button class="btn" id="wa-next">${qi+1 < total ? 'Next →' : 'Restart'}</button>
+        </div>`;
+    }
+    root.innerHTML = `
+      <section class="hero" style="padding-top:26px">
+        <div class="eyebrow">Original question bank · not scraped, written for you</div>
+        <h1><span class="lo">Pass the license</span>WA<br><em>Exam Prep</em></h1>
+        <p class="lede">${WAEXAM.length} original Washington pesticide-applicator questions across Core, Structural, Ornamental &amp; Turf, and Agricultural. Answer, read why, and track your score.</p>
+        <div class="wa-cats">${cats}</div>
+      </section>
+      <section class="section" style="padding-top:10px">
+        <div class="wa-card">${body}</div>
+      </section>`;
+
+    // wire
+    root.querySelectorAll('[data-wacat]').forEach(b=>b.addEventListener('click', ()=>{ curCat = b.dataset.wacat; buildList(); render(); }));
+    root.querySelectorAll('.wa-opt').forEach(b=>b.addEventListener('click', ()=>{
+      const i = +b.dataset.i;
+      const correct = i === q.c;
+      if (correct) score++;
+      answered++;
+      root.querySelectorAll('.wa-opt').forEach(o=>{
+        o.disabled = true;
+        if (+o.dataset.i === q.c) o.classList.add('right');
+      });
+      if (!correct) b.classList.add('wrong');
+      const expl = root.querySelector('#wa-expl');
+      expl.style.display = 'block';
+      expl.innerHTML = `<strong>${correct ? 'Correct' : 'Incorrect'}.</strong> ${q.x}`;
+      root.querySelector('.wa-nav').style.display = 'block';
+      root.querySelector('.wa-score').textContent = `Score ${score}/${answered}`;
+    }));
+    const nx = root.querySelector('#wa-next');
+    if (nx) nx.addEventListener('click', ()=>{ if (qi+1 < total) { qi++; } else { buildList(); } render(); });
+  }
+
+  // render once when the view is first opened
+  const origGo = window.go;
+  window.go = function(v){
+    if (v === 'waprep') { buildList(); render(); }
+    origGo(v);
+  };
+})();
+</script>
+<style>
+.wa-cats{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:14px}
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+
diff --git a/wa_exam_data.py b/wa_exam_data.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02ecf32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wa_exam_data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+# Original Washington pesticide applicator exam question bank.
+# Written fresh (not scraped) for Pest Nocturne. cat = Core | Structural | Ornamental & Turf | Agricultural
+# Each: q, a[4], c (correct index), x (explanation)
+
+CORE = [
+ # — Laws & Regulations (FIFRA) —
+ ("Which federal law is the primary authority for pesticide regulation in the United States?",
+  ["Clean Water Act","FIFRA (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act)","OSHA Act","Endangered Species Act"],1,
+  "FIFRA governs the registration, sale, and use of pesticides nationwide."),
+ ("Under FIFRA, a pesticide may be used legally only according to", ["the salesman's advice","the buyer's preference","the label directions","the manufacturer's website"],2,
+  "The label is the law — using a pesticide in any way inconsistent with its labeling is a violation."),
+ ("A pesticide classified as a 'Restricted Use' pesticide can be applied by", ["anyone over 18","a certified applicator or someone under their direct supervision","a homeowner","any employee"],1,
+  "Restricted-use pesticides require certification because of their potential to harm people or the environment."),
+ ("Which agency administers Washington's pesticide licensing and enforcement?", ["EPA","OSHA","Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA)","Department of Ecology"],2,
+  "WSDA is the state lead agency for pesticide regulation in Washington."),
+ ("Pesticides must be registered before sale by", ["the state only","EPA and, for Washington, WSDA","the retailer","the applicator"],1,
+  "Registration is a two-level system: EPA registers federally, and WSDA registers for sale in Washington."),
+ ("A pesticide label is a legal document. Using a pesticide at a rate HIGHER than the label allows is", ["acceptable in hard cases","a violation of law","fine if the pest is bad","allowed for licensed applicators"],1,
+  "Exceeding the labeled rate is illegal, even for certified applicators."),
+ ("Who is responsible for ensuring a pesticide is applied according to the label?", ["the manufacturer","the seller","the applicator","the property owner"],2,
+  "The applicator carries the legal responsibility to follow the label."),
+ ("Which statement about pesticide storage is correct?", ["Store with food if sealed","Store in a locked, ventilated, dry area away from food and feed","Store near wellheads for convenience","Store in direct sunlight"],1,
+  "Pesticides must be stored locked, dry, ventilated, and away from food, feed, and water sources."),
+ ("A pesticide container should be triple-rinsed", ["before disposal","only if it held liquid","before refilling","never"],0,
+  "Triple-rinse (or equivalent) empty containers before disposal or recycling."),
+ ("Illegally applying a pesticide can result in", ["no penalty if licensed","fines and loss of license","a warning only","a small fee"],1,
+  "Violations can bring civil and criminal penalties and suspension or revocation of a license."),
+ # — Labels & Labeling —
+ ("The signal word 'DANGER' on a label means the product is", ["moderately toxic","slightly toxic","highly toxic (Toxicity Category I)","non-toxic"],2,
+  "DANGER = Category I, the highest acute toxicity. It may also carry 'POISON' with a skull and crossbones."),
+ ("The signal word 'WARNING' indicates the pesticide is", ["highly toxic","moderately toxic (Category II)","slightly toxic","harmless"],1,
+  "WARNING = Toxicity Category II, moderate acute toxicity."),
+ ("The signal word 'CAUTION' means the product is", ["highly toxic","moderately toxic","slightly toxic (Category III) or relatively non-toxic (IV)","flammable"],2,
+  "CAUTION covers Categories III and IV, the least acutely toxic."),
+ ("The 'Statement of Practical Treatment' on a label tells you", ["how to store the product","first aid and what to do if exposed","how to mix it","the shelf life"],1,
+  "This section gives first-aid and emergency medical instructions."),
+ ("'Directions for Use' on the label include all of the following EXCEPT", ["pests controlled","application rate","sites where it may be used","the retail price"],3,
+  "Price is never on the label; the label covers pests, rates, sites, timing, and methods."),
+ ("The common name of a pesticide is", ["the brand name","a simple, accepted name for the active ingredient","the EPA registration number","the distributor's name"],1,
+  "The common name identifies the active ingredient (e.g., 'bifenthrin'), unlike the brand name."),
+ ("The active ingredient of a pesticide is", ["the water added at mixing","the chemical that actually controls the pest","the carrier","the emulsifier"],1,
+  "The active ingredient is the chemical that kills or repels the target pest."),
+ ("If part of a label is missing or illegible, you should", ["guess at the missing part","use the product anyway","obtain a complete label before use","ask a coworker"],2,
+  "Never use a pesticide without a complete, legible label."),
+ ("Precautionary statements on a label include", ["hazards to humans, environment, and physical/chemical hazards","the product's cost","the retailer's return policy","shipping weight"],0,
+  "Precautionary statements cover human, environmental, and physical/chemical hazards."),
+ ("'Do not apply when wind exceeds X mph' is an example of", ["a marketing statement","an environmental precaution/drift control statement","a storage instruction","a warranty"],1,
+  "This is a precaution to prevent drift and protect non-target areas."),
+ # — Pesticide Safety & Toxicity —
+ ("The most common route of pesticide exposure for applicators is", ["oral (mouth)","inhalation (lungs)","dermal (skin)","ocular (eyes)"],2,
+  "Dermal exposure — through the skin — is the most common route for applicators."),
+ ("LD50 is a measure of", ["how fast a pesticide works","the dose that kills 50% of a test population (acute toxicity)","the shelf life","the cost per gallon"],1,
+  "LD50 (lethal dose 50%) is a standard measure of acute toxicity."),
+ ("A pesticide with an LD50 of 5 mg/kg is", ["less toxic than one with an LD50 of 500 mg/kg","more toxic than one with an LD50 of 500 mg/kg","equally toxic","non-toxic"],1,
+  "A SMALLER LD50 number means MORE toxic — it takes less chemical to be lethal."),
+ ("The first step to take after any pesticide exposure is", ["wait to see if symptoms develop","read the label and follow its first-aid directions","drink a glass of milk","take a shower"],1,
+  "The label's first-aid section is the immediate source of correct action."),
+ ("The Poison Control Center number is", ["911 only","1-800-222-1222","411","1-800-555-1212"],1,
+  "1-800-222-1222 connects to Poison Control 24/7."),
+ ("If pesticide is spilled on skin, you should immediately", ["wipe it off and continue","wash with plenty of soap and water, and remove contaminated clothing","apply lotion","wait until break"],1,
+  "Wash the area immediately with soap and water and remove contaminated clothing."),
+ ("Symptoms of pesticide poisoning can include", ["headache, nausea, dizziness, and blurred vision","increased appetite","clearer vision","none of the above"],0,
+  "Nausea, headache, dizziness, and blurred vision are common poisoning symptoms."),
+ ("Cholinesterase is an enzyme affected by which class of pesticides?", ["pyrethroids","organophosphates and carbamates","insect growth regulators","botanicals"],1,
+  "Organophosphates and carbamates inhibit cholinesterase, disrupting nerve function."),
+ ("If a pesticide gets in the eyes, flush with", ["rubbing alcohol","mild water for at least 15 minutes","soapy water","a dry cloth"],1,
+  "Flush eyes gently with clean water for 15 minutes, then seek medical help."),
+ ("Which is NOT a way to reduce pesticide exposure when mixing?", ["wear PPE","mix outdoors in a ventilated area","mix with bare hands","measure carefully"],2,
+  "Never handle concentrated pesticide with bare hands; always wear proper PPE."),
+ # — PPE —
+ ("The single most important PPE for preventing dermal exposure is", ["a hard hat","chemical-resistant gloves","earplugs","steel-toe boots"],1,
+  "Chemical-resistant gloves protect the hands, the most likely contact point."),
+ ("Chemical-resistant gloves should be checked for leaks by", ["wearing them only once","filling them with water and checking for leaks","stretching them","sniffing them"],1,
+  "Test gloves by filling with water (or air) to detect pinholes before use."),
+ ("Which respirator is correct for most pesticide vapors?", ["a dust mask","a NIOSH-approved chemical cartridge respirator","a surgical mask","no respirator"],1,
+  "Chemical cartridge respirators with the correct cartridge filter vapors; dust masks don't."),
+ ("Goggles or a face shield are worn to protect against", ["dermal exposure to the arms","eye exposure from splashes and dust","foot injuries","heat"],1,
+  "Eye protection guards against splashes and drifting particles."),
+ ("PPE should be", ["reused without cleaning","washed separately from other clothing and inspected before each use","stored wet","shared between workers"],1,
+  "Wash PPE separately, inspect before each use, and store it clean and dry."),
+ ("After each use, reusable chemical-resistant gloves should be", ["discarded immediately","washed, inspected, and dried","left inside-out","reused without inspection"],1,
+  "Clean, inspect for holes, and dry gloves before the next use."),
+ ("A coverall worn for pesticide handling should be", ["loose and torn","clean, intact, and worn over regular clothes","worn only in cold weather","replaced only when torn"],1,
+  "Coveralls should be clean and intact, worn over regular clothing."),
+ ("The type of respirator cartridge you need depends on", ["your preference","the pesticide being used and its label requirements","the color of the can","the price"],1,
+  "The label specifies the correct respirator and cartridge for the pesticide."),
+ # — Environmental Protection —
+ ("Pesticide drift is most likely when", ["wind is calm","wind is strong and droplets are small","it is raining","at night"],1,
+  "Small droplets and strong wind increase the chance of off-target drift."),
+ ("To reduce drift, an applicator should", ["increase nozzle height","use larger droplets and lower pressure","spray upwind of the target","spray at midday"],1,
+  "Larger droplets and lower pressure reduce drift."),
+ ("Pesticide can contaminate groundwater most easily when", ["soil is sandy and the water table is shallow","soil is heavy clay","it is frozen","on slopes"],0,
+  "Sandy soils and shallow water tables allow pesticides to leach into groundwater."),
+ ("A buffer zone is", ["a storage area","an untreated strip between a treated area and a sensitive area (water, habitat)","a mixing pad","a parking area"],1,
+  "Buffer zones protect sensitive areas from drift and runoff."),
+ ("The Endangered Species Act can restrict pesticide use", ["never","to protect listed threatened or endangered species in their habitat","only on farms","only in winter"],1,
+  "Restrictions may apply where pesticides could harm federally listed species."),
+ ("To protect pollinators, avoid applying insecticides", ["on blooming crops when bees are foraging","at dawn","in winter","after bloom"],0,
+  "Avoid treating flowering plants when bees are actively foraging."),
+ ("Pesticide runoff into a stream is most likely from", ["applying to dry pavement","applying on a slope near water during or before heavy rain","indoor use","winter use"],1,
+  "Applying near water on slopes before rain increases runoff risk."),
+ ("Empty pesticide containers should be", ["buried","burned","triple-rinsed and disposed of according to the label","thrown in regular trash"],2,
+  "Triple-rinse and follow label disposal instructions."),
+ ("A spill of concentrated pesticide should be", ["washed down a drain","contained, cleaned up, and reported per label and regulation","left to evaporate","hosed into soil"],1,
+  "Contain the spill, clean it up with absorbents, and follow reporting rules."),
+ ("Never store pesticides", ["in a locked cabinet","in a dry shed","near food, feed, seed, or water sources","in original containers"],2,
+  "Keep pesticides away from anything that could be contaminated."),
+ # — Formulations —
+ ("An 'EC' formulation means", ["emulsifiable concentrate","extra concentrate","electrical charge","easy clean"],0,
+  "EC = emulsifiable concentrate, a liquid that forms an emulsion when mixed with water."),
+ ("A 'WP' formulation is a", ["wettable powder","water pill","white paste","weak poison"],0,
+  "WP = wettable powder, a dry powder mixed with water to form a suspension."),
+ ("A granular (G) formulation is applied", ["as a spray","dry, without water","as a fog","only indoors"],1,
+  "Granules are dry and applied without mixing with water."),
+ ("A bait formulation", ["is always sprayed","mixes the toxicant with an attractant the pest eats","is only for termites","is a fumigant"],1,
+  "Baits combine a toxicant with an attractant the target pest consumes."),
+ ("An adjuvant is", ["the active ingredient","a substance added to improve a pesticide's performance","the container","the label"],1,
+  "Adjuvants (surfactants, spreaders, stickers) enhance pesticide effectiveness."),
+ ("Which formulation is most likely to clog spray nozzles?", ["emulsifiable concentrate","wettable powder (if not agitated)","solution","bait"],1,
+  "Wettable powders settle out and can clog nozzles without constant agitation."),
+ ("A 'solution' formulation is", ["cloudy when mixed","a true solution that stays dissolved and clear","always a gas","a powder"],1,
+  "Solutions dissolve completely and stay clear; no agitation needed."),
+ ("Formulations that are 'ready to use' (RTU)", ["require dilution","are applied directly from the container as-is","need a license","are only for indoor use"],1,
+  "RTU products are pre-mixed and applied directly."),
+ ("An aerosol formulation is useful for", ["large fields","crack and crevice or space treatments","soil drenching","tree injection"],1,
+  "Aerosols deliver a fine mist for cracks, crevices, and small spaces."),
+ # — Application Equipment & Calibration —
+ ("The nozzle component that determines droplet size and spray pattern is the", ["tank","tip/orifice","hose","pump"],1,
+  "The nozzle tip controls flow rate, droplet size, and pattern."),
+ ("Calibration means", ["washing the sprayer","adjusting the sprayer to deliver the correct amount of product per area","painting the tank","buying a new nozzle"],1,
+  "Calibration ensures you apply the correct rate per unit area."),
+ ("The formula for gallons per acre (GPA) from nozzle output is", ["GPA = (5940 × GPM per nozzle) ÷ (MPH × nozzle spacing in inches)","GPA = MPH × nozzles","GPA = GPM × 100","GPA = tank size ÷ field size"],0,
+  "GPA = (5940 × GPM) ÷ (MPH × nozzle spacing in inches) is the standard calibration formula."),
+ ("Before calibrating, you should", ["guess the output","check for worn or clogged nozzles and replace as needed","fill the tank completely","remove all PPE"],1,
+  "Worn or clogged nozzles change output and must be corrected before calibration."),
+ ("Worn nozzles deliver", ["less than rated","more than rated and uneven patterns","the same output forever","no output"],1,
+  "Worn nozzles over-apply and produce uneven patterns."),
+ ("Backflow prevention devices protect", ["the spray tank","the water supply from contamination","the tires","the pump"],1,
+  "Backflow preventers keep pesticides from siphoning back into the water source."),
+ ("When mixing pesticides, the correct order generally is", ["add everything at once","add the pesticide first","add water first, then pesticides, following label mixing order","stir dry"],2,
+  "Add water first (partial fill), then pesticides per label mixing order, then top off."),
+ ("A backpack sprayer is best suited for", ["large fields","small, targeted applications and spot treatments","aerial application","whole orchards"],1,
+  "Backpack sprayers are for small, precise applications."),
+ ("Sprayer pressure should be", ["as high as possible","set to the label and nozzle manufacturer's recommended range","always maximum","ignored"],1,
+  "Use the recommended pressure for the nozzle and product."),
+ ("After spraying, the sprayer should be", ["left full","rinsed (triple-rinsed) and decontaminated","stored dirty","drained into a gutter"],1,
+  "Rinse and decontaminate the sprayer after each use to prevent cross-contamination."),
+ # — IPM —
+ ("IPM stands for", ["International Pest Management","Integrated Pest Management","Insect Prevention Method","Industrial Pesticide Mix"],1,
+  "IPM = Integrated Pest Management."),
+ ("The first step in IPM is", ["spraying immediately","correctly identifying the pest and monitoring its population","fumigation","calling the EPA"],1,
+  "Proper pest identification and monitoring are the foundation of IPM."),
+ ("An 'action threshold' is", ["the maximum label rate","the pest population level at which control should begin","the legal limit","the tank size"],1,
+  "The action threshold is the pest level at which you must act to prevent damage."),
+ ("Which is a biological control method?", ["herbicide","releasing natural enemies (predators/parasites)","a fogger","soil fumigation"],1,
+  "Biological control uses natural enemies of the pest."),
+ ("A cultural control method is", ["changing the environment (sanitation, crop rotation, moisture management) to make it less favorable for pests","applying a chemical","using traps only","none"],0,
+  "Cultural controls modify the environment to suppress pests."),
+ ("A mechanical control method is", ["a bait","a trap or physical barrier","a systemic pesticide","a growth regulator"],1,
+  "Mechanical controls physically remove or exclude pests (traps, barriers, screens)."),
+ ("Using pesticides as part of IPM should be", ["the first option always","only when needed, as one tool among several","never done","the only option"],1,
+  "In IPM, pesticides are used judiciously, only when other methods are insufficient."),
+ ("Regular monitoring helps an applicator", ["waste pesticide","detect pests early and decide if/when to treat","avoid all paperwork","increase drift"],1,
+  "Monitoring catches problems early so control is targeted and timely."),
+ ("Sanitation is an example of which control type?", ["chemical","cultural","biological","regulatory"],1,
+  "Sanitation (removing food, water, shelter) is a cultural control."),
+ ("The goal of IPM is to", ["eliminate every insect","manage pests at acceptable levels with minimal risk and cost","use the most pesticide","avoid all chemicals at any cost"],1,
+  "IPM manages pests below damaging levels with the least risk and cost."),
+ # — WPS —
+ ("The Worker Protection Standard (WPS) protects", ["only the applicator","agricultural workers and pesticide handlers from exposure","retail employees","homeowners"],1,
+  "WPS protects workers and handlers on farms, nurseries, and greenhouses."),
+ ("REI stands for", ["Restricted Entry Interval","Regular Exposure Interval","Rapid Entry Interval","Required Equipment Inspection"],0,
+  "REI = Restricted Entry Interval, the time after application when entry is limited."),
+ ("During a REI, workers may", ["enter freely","enter only with proper PPE and training if allowed","enter without PPE","enter to harvest"],1,
+  "During REI, entry is restricted; only trained workers with required PPE may enter under specific rules."),
+ ("An employer must provide WPS-required workers with", ["no information","pesticide safety training and information about recent applications","free pesticide","a phone"],1,
+  "Workers must receive training and be informed of pesticide applications."),
+ ("A 'central posting' area at a WPS worksite is where", ["pesticides are stored","workers can find application information and the safety poster","equipment is parked","lunch is eaten"],1,
+  "Central posting displays the safety poster and recent application records."),
+ ("Personal protective equipment provided to workers must be", ["shared","maintained and available as required by the label","optional","only for handlers"],1,
+  "Employers must provide and maintain the PPE the label requires for workers."),
+ ("The WPS requires employers to keep records of", ["worker names only","pesticide applications and training","weather","sales"],1,
+  "Application and training records must be kept."),
+ ("Who must receive WPS pesticide safety training?", ["only the owner","workers and handlers on agricultural establishments","only office staff","no one"],1,
+  "All workers and handlers covered by WPS must be trained."),
+ # — WA-specific —
+ ("Washington commercial applicators must renew their license every", ["year","5 years","10 years","never"],1,
+  "WA commercial applicator licenses renew every 5 years with continuing education."),
+ ("The WA continuing education requirement for commercial applicators is", ["40 CEUs per 5-year period","10 CEUs per year","no CE","100 CEUs per year"],0,
+  "WA requires 40 continuing education units per 5-year renewal period."),
+ ("The WA pesticide applicator exam passing score is", ["50%","70%","90%","100%"],1,
+  "A score of 70% is required to pass."),
+ ("WA pesticide applicator records of restricted-use pesticide applications must be kept", ["6 months","at least 2 years","1 year","forever"],1,
+  "WA requires RUP application records be kept at least 2 years."),
+ ("The WA 'Private Applicator' license is for", ["structural pest control","applying pesticides on your own or your employer's farm to produce agricultural commodities","public health","aquatic weed control"],1,
+  "Private applicators apply restricted-use pesticides on their own agricultural operation."),
+]
+
+STRUCTURAL = [
+ ("The most common wood-destroying insect in Washington structures is the", ["carpenter ant","termite","powderpost beetle","silverfish"],0,
+  "Carpenter ants are the #1 wood-destroying pest in WA structures."),
+ ("A key difference between carpenter ants and termites is that carpenter ants have", ["straight antennae and equal wings","elbowed antennae and a narrow (pinched) waist","no antennae","four pairs of legs"],1,
+  "Ants have elbowed antennae and a narrow waist; termites have straight antennae and a broad waist."),
+ ("Subterranean termites enter structures through", ["open windows","mud tubes from the soil to wood","the roof","crawlspace vents only"],1,
+  "Subterranean termites build mud tubes to travel from soil to wood."),
+ ("Dampwood termites require", ["dry wood","moist wood","living plants","paper only"],1,
+  "Dampwood termites infest wood with high moisture content."),
+ ("A 'swarm' of winged termites indoors is a sign of", ["a healthy house","an active or nearby termite colony","good ventilation","nothing"],1,
+  "Indoor termite swarms indicate an infestation or a colony close by."),
+ ("Wood damaged by subterranean termites characteristically shows", ["smooth, clean galleries with soil/mud","round exit holes and fine powder","large open tunnels","no damage"],0,
+  "Subterranean termite galleries are clean and often lined with soil."),
+ ("Powderpost beetles are recognized by", ["mud tubes","tiny round exit holes and fine, flour-like frass","large nests","webs"],1,
+  "Powderpost beetles leave small round exit holes and powdery frass."),
+ ("The first step in a wood-destroying organism (WDO) inspection is", ["applying chemical","a thorough visual inspection of the structure, looking for signs and conducive conditions","drilling holes","fumigating"],1,
+  "Inspection always comes before treatment."),
+ ("A 'conducive condition' for termites is", ["good drainage","wood-to-soil contact and excess moisture","full sun","air conditioning"],1,
+  "Wood-to-soil contact and moisture create conditions favorable to termites."),
+ ("The German cockroach is recognized by", ["its large size","two dark longitudinal stripes behind the head","a single red stripe","blue wings"],1,
+  "German cockroaches have two dark parallel stripes on the pronotum."),
+ ("Cockroach droppings that resemble coffee grounds or black pepper are typical of", ["the Oriental cockroach","the American cockroach","the German cockroach","the smoky-brown cockroach"],2,
+  "German cockroach droppings look like coffee grounds or pepper."),
+ ("The American cockroach is", ["small and tan","the largest common structural roach, reddish-brown with a yellow figure-8 behind the head","always winged and flying","bright green"],1,
+  "The American cockroach is large and reddish-brown with a yellowish band."),
+ ("An 'ootheca' is", ["a termite tube","a cockroach egg case","a spider web","a beetle larva"],1,
+  "An ootheca is the egg case produced by cockroaches."),
+ ("The best way to control German cockroaches is", ["a single fogger","integrated control: sanitation + baits + targeted crack-and-crevice treatment","only sticky traps","ignoring them"],1,
+  "German roach control requires sanitation, baits, and targeted treatments."),
+ ("Bed bugs hide primarily", ["in kitchens","in cracks, seams of mattresses, and near sleeping areas","on the ceiling","in the garage"],1,
+  "Bed bugs hide in mattress seams, headboards, and cracks near the bed."),
+ ("A sign of a bed bug infestation is", ["only bites","cast skins, fecal spots, and live bugs at mattress seams","a foul odor only","no visible signs"],1,
+  "Confirm bed bugs with cast skins, fecal spots, and live insects, not just bites."),
+ ("The house mouse is distinguished from the Norway rat by", ["its large size","its small size, large ears, and pointed muzzle","its short tail","its fur color only"],1,
+  "The house mouse is small with large ears and a pointed muzzle."),
+ ("The Norway rat is characterized by", ["a small body and large ears","a heavy body, blunt muzzle, and a tail shorter than head+body","a furry tail","no tail"],1,
+  "Norway rats are heavy-bodied with blunt muzzles and a shorter tail."),
+ ("Rodent bait should be placed", ["in the open on the floor","in tamper-resistant bait stations along runways and near activity","where children can reach","on counters"],1,
+  "Place rodent baits in tamper-resistant stations along active runways."),
+ ("The hobo spider is", ["medically dangerous","a common WA house spider whose bite is not necrotic (disproven)","a webless spider","an aggressive hunter that chases people"],1,
+  "The hobo spider is common in WA; its bite is not necrotic."),
+ ("A 'wood-infesting' insect NOT covered by a basic WDO inspection is the", ["subterranean termite","carpenter ant","carpet beetle","powderpost beetle"],2,
+  "Carpet beetles are fabric pests, not wood-destroying organisms."),
+ ("Before treating for WDOs, the applicator should", ["spray everywhere","identify the specific organism and correct conducive conditions","use the strongest chemical","drill randomly"],1,
+  "Correct identification and correcting conducive conditions are essential first."),
+ ("Fumigation is used for", ["routine ant control","whole-structure treatment of drywood termites or severe infestations","cockroach baits","rat control"],1,
+  "Fumigation treats the entire structure, used for drywood termites and severe cases."),
+ ("Termite baiting systems work by", ["repelling termites","placing a slow-acting toxicant that foraging termites carry back to the colony","killing on contact only","drying out the wood"],1,
+  "Baits are carried back to the colony, eventually eliminating it."),
+ ("The most important moisture-related recommendation in a WDO report is", ["increase watering","repair leaks and improve drainage to reduce wood moisture","add a pond","ignore moisture"],1,
+  "Reducing moisture is the primary non-chemical WDO recommendation."),
+]
+
+ORNAMENTAL = [
+ ("'Ornamental & Turf' applicators treat pests on", ["only food crops","landscape plants, lawns, and turf","only trees","only indoor plants"],1,
+  "This category covers landscape ornamentals and turf."),
+ ("The correct way to apply a lawn herbicide is to", ["spot-treat only the weeds or broadcast at the labeled rate","drench the whole lawn","apply in the heat of the day","apply before reading the label"],0,
+  "Apply at the labeled rate, targeting weeds or broadcasting correctly."),
+ ("When treating ornamental plants, you should first", ["identify the pest and confirm the product is labeled for that plant","spray everything","use the highest rate","mix with a hose-end sprayer only"],0,
+  "Identify the pest and verify the pesticide is labeled for that specific plant."),
+ ("A common turf pest in Washington is the", ["crane fly (leatherjacket larva)","cockroach","bed bug","flea"],0,
+  "European crane fly larvae (leatherjackets) damage PNW lawns."),
+ ("Moss in PNW lawns is best managed by", ["only chemical sprays","improving drainage, reducing shade, and correcting soil pH, with moss control products if needed","more fertilizer","mowing shorter"],1,
+  "Moss thrives in shade, poor drainage, and acid soil — fix conditions first."),
+ ("When applying an insecticide to a flowering ornamental, you should", ["apply at midday","avoid application when bees are foraging, and follow pollinator-protection language","apply in rain","use a fogger"],1,
+  "Protect pollinators by avoiding treatment during bloom/foraging."),
+ ("Phytotoxicity is", ["plant damage caused by a chemical","insect damage","fungal disease","a nutrient deficiency"],0,
+  "Phytotoxicity is injury to plants caused by a pesticide or other chemical."),
+ ("Before applying a pesticide to a large landscape, the applicator should", ["notify neighbors if required and post as needed","do nothing","spray at night only","skip calibration"],0,
+  "Notification and posting requirements protect people near treated areas."),
+ ("A systemic insecticide is", ["applied to the soil or plant and moves through the plant's tissues","only a contact spray","a bait","a fumigant"],0,
+  "Systemics are absorbed and translocated within the plant."),
+ ("The best time to apply a pre-emergent herbicide is", ["after weeds emerge","before weed seeds germinate","after flowering","in winter only"],1,
+  "Pre-emergents prevent weed seeds from germinating; apply before emergence."),
+ ("A post-emergent herbicide targets", ["germinating seeds","weeds that have already emerged","roots only","soil microbes"],1,
+  "Post-emergents control weeds that have already sprouted."),
+ ("Overseeding and proper fertilization in turf is an example of", ["chemical control","cultural control","mechanical control","no control"],1,
+  "Healthy turf (cultural control) outcompetes weeds and pests."),
+ ("When treating for a shrub pest, you should apply", ["only to the affected plant at the labeled rate","to the entire yard","without reading the label","with a fire hose"],0,
+  "Target the affected plant at the correct labeled rate."),
+ ("The first step in diagnosing a turf problem is", ["spraying fungicide","identifying whether the cause is insect, disease, cultural, or environmental","applying fertilizer","aeration"],1,
+  "Correctly diagnosing the cause avoids unnecessary pesticide use."),
+ ("Herbicide drift onto a neighbor's desirable plants can cause", ["no harm","injury or death to those plants and liability for the applicator","faster growth","better color"],1,
+  "Drift onto non-target plants damages them and can create legal liability."),
+]
+
+AGRICULTURAL = [
+ ("A 'Private Applicator' may apply restricted-use pesticides on", ["any property","their own or employer's farm to produce agricultural commodities","public parks","schools"],1,
+  "Private applicators use RUPs on their own agricultural operation only."),
+ ("The purpose of an agricultural pesticide application record is to", ["satisfy legal requirements and track what/where/when was applied","fill time","impress neighbors","none"],0,
+  "Records are legally required and document application details."),
+ ("When spraying a field, calibration should be done", ["once and never again","before each new crop or when conditions/nozzles change","only if caught","every 10 years"],1,
+  "Recalibrate whenever crop, speed, pressure, or nozzles change."),
+ ("Spraying near a sensitive crop or waterway requires", ["no special care","a buffer zone and drift management","more pesticide","higher pressure"],1,
+  "Use buffers and drift control near sensitive crops and water."),
+ ("The pre-harvest interval (PHI) is", ["the time between the last application and harvest","the time between applications","the storage time","the mixing time"],0,
+  "PHI is the minimum time between the last application and harvest."),
+ ("Which is a cultural control in agriculture?", ["crop rotation","a fungicide spray","a growth regulator","a fumigant"],0,
+  "Crop rotation disrupts pest life cycles — a cultural control."),
+ ("A beneficial insect (e.g., lady beetle) should be", ["preserved by using selective pesticides and scouting","always killed","ignored","sprayed with broad-spectrum products"],0,
+  "Preserve beneficials by scouting and using selective products."),
+ ("Applying a pesticide when wind exceeds the label limit can cause", ["better coverage","off-target drift and violation","faster drying","deeper penetration"],1,
+  "Exceeding wind limits causes drift and is a label violation."),
+ ("The best time to spray for many pests is", ["midday heat","early morning or evening when wind is low and temperatures are moderate","during rain","at high wind"],1,
+  "Early morning/evening reduces drift and improves efficacy."),
+ ("A 'nozzle' that produces a fine mist is more likely to", ["drift","penetrate deep","be coarse","clog less"],0,
+  "Fine droplets drift more easily."),
+ ("Integrated Pest Management on a farm relies most on", ["calendar spraying","scouting, thresholds, and multiple tactics","only chemicals","guessing"],1,
+  "IPM uses scouting and thresholds to guide targeted, multi-tactic control."),
+ ("A pesticide resistance problem is reduced by", ["using the same product every time","rotating pesticides with different modes of action","increasing the dose","mixing incompatible products"],1,
+  "Rotating modes of action slows resistance development."),
+ ("Rinsing spray equipment in a field is a problem because it", ["is efficient","can create a point source of contamination","saves water","is required"],1,
+  "Rinsing in the field concentrates pesticide in one spot, risking contamination."),
+]
+
+WAEXAM = []
+for cat, items in [("Core", CORE), ("Structural", STRUCTURAL), ("Ornamental & Turf", ORNAMENTAL), ("Agricultural", AGRICULTURAL)]:
+    for q, a, c, x in items:
+        WAEXAM.append({"cat": cat, "q": q, "a": a, "c": c, "x": x})
+
+import json
+print(f"total questions: {len(WAEXAM)}")
+print(f"  Core: {len(CORE)}")
+print(f"  Structural: {len(STRUCTURAL)}")
+print(f"  Ornamental: {len(ORNAMENTAL)}")
+print(f"  Agricultural: {len(AGRICULTURAL)}")